Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa bya photovoltaic, amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yakwirakwijwe hamwe n’inyubako byagiye bikoreshwa cyane. Uretse amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic y’umwuga, amwe mu masosiyete akora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic arimo kwagura ubucuruzi bwayo mu cyaro vuba. Muri yo, amazu menshi yubatswe n’abantu ku giti cyabo mu cyaro yamaze gushyiraho ibikoresho byinshi bya photovoltaic binyuze mu gukodesha igisenge no kugura amashanyarazi!
Mu gihe cyo kubaka no gukoresha ingomero z'amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, iyo zidakozwe neza kandi zidafashwe neza, impanuka z'inkongi zishobora kubaho! Muri iki gihe, gukwirakwizwa vuba kw'ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic mu byaro bitera impungenge ku ngaruka z'inkongi.
Ku ya 7 Ugushyingo 2023, inkongi y’umuriro yadutse mu buryo bwa photovoltaic mu rugo ku gisenge cy’inyubako y’abaturage iherereye mu Mujyi wa Boao, mu Mujyi wa Qionghai, mu Ntara ya Hainan. Inkongi y’umuriro yibasiye ubuso bwa metero kare hafi 200, kandi modules hafi ya zose za photovoltaic zarangiritse. Ku bw’amahirwe, nta muntu wapfuye. Nk’uko amakuru aturuka ahantu hazwi abivuga, iyi mpanuka yatewe na modules za photovoltaic zitujuje ubuziranenge zaguzwe na nyir’inzu kuri interineti.
Saa yine z'umugoroba ku ya 30 Kamena 2025, umwotsi n'inkongi byaturutse ku gisenge cy'uruganda rwa Wahaha cya 3.5MW. Nubwo nta n'umwe wapfuye, umwotsi mwinshi watumye umusaruro uhagarara. Uyu mushinga ufite ishoramari rirenga miliyoni 20 z'amayuan kandi wahujwe n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi mu 2017.
Muri Gicurasi 2025, inkongi y’umuriro yadutse mu mushinga w’amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ku gifuniko cyo hejuru cy’urusaku rw’umuhanda w’umujyi. Mu minota itatu, yaturitse inshuro zirindwi, itwika icyuma itera ibintu kugwa biturutse hejuru, bituma imodoka zo mu nzira ebyiri zihagarara amasaha arenga abiri.
Ku ya 9 Kanama 2023, inkongi y’umuriro yadutse mu isambu y’inkoko zitera amagi mu Ntara ya Treviso, mu Butaliyani, ihitana inkoko zisaga 20.000 zitera amagi muri iyo sambu. Ishami rishinzwe kuzimya inkongi ryavuze ko iyi nkongi ishobora kuba yaratewe na sisitemu ya photovoltaic hejuru y’aho isambu y’inkoko ikorera. Inkongi y’umuriro yatwitse metero kare zirenga 1.500 z’ibifuniko by’ubushyuhe, bitera umwotsi mwinshi kandi biha inkoko ibihumbi n’ibihumbi.
Ku ya 6 Nyakanga 2025, panel y'izuba yari hejuru y'uruganda rwa Fanti ruri i Wilton, muri leta ya Ohio, yafashwe n'inkongi y'umuriro, umwotsi mwinshi urakwirakwira. Ishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro ryafashe iminota 45 kugira ngo rizimye umuriro, ariko bagombaga gutegereza ko uruganda ruhagarika amashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba byaratinze ubutabazi. Bimwe mu bisenge n'ibikoresho bya photovoltaic byaratwitswe, ariko ku bw'amahirwe, ibyangiritse ntibyageze imbere mu nyubako y'uruganda.
Umuriro ni umunyamahane; gukumira ni byo biza mbere.
Kuki sisitemu za photovoltaic zifata umuriro?
Ni gute twakora akazi keza mu gukumira inkongi mu gihe cy'akazi ka buri munsi?
Imibare igaragaza ko impanuka zisaga 80% z'inkongi z'umuriro mu bigo by'amashanyarazi bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziterwa n'amakosa ari ku ruhande rwa DC, cyane cyane inkongi ziterwa n'ahantu hashyushye ku bice, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idakora neza, n'ibibazo byo guhagarara kwa DC. Byongeye kandi, ingamba zo gukumira inkongi, ibibazo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibice, impanuka z'amashanyarazi, ikirere n'ibiza nabyo ni impamvu zikomeye zitera impanuka z'inkongi mu bigo by'amashanyarazi bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
1. Igice "Ingaruka z'ahantu hashyushye
Iyo paneli z’amashanyarazi zikora nyuma yo gushya, niba ubuso bwazo butwikiriwe kandi bugafungwa n’amase y’inyoni, ibyondo, amababi, cyangwa ivumbi ryinshi, ubushyuhe mu duce twafunzwe buzaba buri hejuru kurusha ubwo mu tundi duce, bityo bikabyara "ingaruka z’ubushyuhe", zishobora guteza ibyago mu mutekano, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, bigatera impanuka z’inkongi y’umuriro.
2. Imiyoboro idakora neza, gusaza, imiyoboro migufi, nibindi mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi
Bitewe n'ibibazo nko guhuza ibintu biremereye, guhuza ibintu biremereye, no kudafunga neza imiyoboro y'insinga z'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi nk'ibice, inverters, n'udusanduku tw'amahuriro, imbaraga zo guhangana nazo ziriyongera, ubushyuhe budasanzwe bubaho, kandi imbaraga zo gukingira zigabanuka mu gihe cy'imikorere y'ibikoresho, bigatera ibyago byo gushya mu buryo butunguranye.
3. Gukurura arc ya Dc
Muri sisitemu yose ya photovoltaic, voltage yo ku ruhande rwa DC ubusanzwe iba iri hagati ya volts 600 na 1000. Guhuza kwa Dc birashoboka cyane bitewe n'impamvu nko guhuza ibintu bidakora neza, gukorana nabi, insinga zacitse, insinga zitose, no gucika kw'ingufu z'imiyoboro ya photovoltaic module. Guhuza kwa Direct current current bishobora gutera kwiyongera gukomeye k'ubushyuhe bw'igice gihuza. Agace gahoraho gashobora gutanga ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 3000 na 7000, bigaherekezwa no gushyiramo karubone mu bice bikikije. Mu bihe byoroheje, gashobora gutwika ingingo na fuse; mu bihe bikomeye, gashobora gutwika ibice n'ibikoresho, bigatera inkongi.
4. Ihindagurika ry'ikirere n'ibiza by'umwimerere
Ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikoresha photovoltaic zubatswe hanze kandi zishobora kwibasirwa n’ibihe n’ibiza. Urugero, ikirere kibi cyane nk’umuyaga mwinshi, imvura nyinshi n’urubura bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho by’ingufu, bityo bigatera impanuka.
Muri iki gihe, ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zirimo gutera imbere cyane kandi zirushaho gukundwa. Mu bikorwa bya buri munsi, hakwiye gufatwa ingamba nyinshi zo kwirinda impanuka z'inkongi z'umuriro.
Imiterere y'ishingiro: Mu gihe cyo guhitamo no kubaka sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zitanga ingufu za photovoltaic, ni ngombwa gutegura no gutunganya ibikoresho n'inyubako mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro hashingiwe ku miterere y'ikirere, ubutaka n'ibindi kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago by'inkongi y'umuriro iterwa n'ibintu karemano nk'imvura n'urubura.
Igenzura n'isukura buri gihe: Gusuzuma no kubungabunga ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic buri gihe, kumenya no gusana vuba amakosa n'ibibazo bishobora kubaho, kugenzura imikorere isanzwe y'ibikoresho, no gukumira impanuka z'inkongi z'umuriro.
Kunoza uburyo bwo kurinda inkongi: Sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zikoresha photovoltaic zigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo kurinda inkongi, bufite uburyo bwo kumenyesha inkongi, ibikoresho byo kuzimya inkongi, ibizimya umuriro, nibindi. Kugira ngo mu gihe habaye inkongi y'umuriro cyangwa izindi mpanuka, kuzimya umuriro no gutabara ku gihe bishobore gukorwa.
Kongera imbaraga mu mahugurwa ku mutekano w’inkongi: Guhugura abakoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic kugira ngo babamenyereze amahame y’imikorere, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho n’uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wa amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, kongera ubumenyi bwabo ku mutekano w’inkongi n’ubushobozi bwo gutabara mu gihe cy’impanuka, no gutanga garanti nziza yo kurwanya no gutoroka mu gihe habaye inkongi.
Gukurikirana umutekano mu buryo bwihuse: Shyiramo kamera, ibikoresho byo kugenzura, nibindi, kugira ngo wongere igenzura n'igenzura ryihuse ry'ibigo by'amashanyarazi bikwirakwizwa n'uduce tubikikije, umenye vuba ibintu bidasanzwe kandi utange amatangazo hakiri kare.
Gushyiraho gahunda zo gutabara mu bihe byihutirwa: Gushyiraho gahunda zo gutabara mu bihe byihutirwa ku bigo by'amashanyarazi bitanga ingufu za voltaic, gusobanura neza ingamba zo gutabara no kugabanya inshingano mu gihe habaye impanuka zitandukanye, no kongera ubushobozi n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu bitunguranye.
Ugereranyije n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu za photovoltaic, sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ingufu za photovoltaic mu ngo zigomba kuba maso cyane mu bijyanye no gukumira.
Nubwo ibigo bireba birimo kwagura ubucuruzi bwabyo vuba, bigomba kongera igenzura n'isukura rya buri munsi, no guha abaturage ibitambaro byo kuzimya umuriro, ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro by'ifu yumye n'ibindi bikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro. Iyo abaturage babonye inkongi y'umuriro, bagomba kwimuka ku gihe bagahamagara polisi kugira ngo ibafashe. Wibuke! Ntugakoreshe amazi mu buryo butaziguye kuzimya umuriro!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-09-2025