Kuva uyu mwaka watangira, twakurikiraniye hafi impinduka mu bijyanye na politiki n'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi mu nganda nshya z'ingufu, cyane cyane ivugurura ryakozwe mu buryo bwihutishijwe ry'isoko ry'amashanyarazi nyuma ya politiki nshya ya "531". Hamwe n'izamuka ry'uburyo ibiciro by'amashanyarazi nk'uko bivugwa mu nyandiko No 136, kugura byuzuye ingufu nshya z'amashanyarazi bigiye kuba amateka. Nta ngwate za politiki, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bizagenwa n'isoko. Buri wese aribaza niba ishoramari mu ngufu nshya rishobora kwinjiza amafaranga.
Mu bihe byashize, igihe ingufu za photovoltaic zabonaga inyungu, abantu bake ni bo babonaga akamaro k'ibikoresho by'umwuga na porogaramu. “Mu by'ukuri, twakoreshaga formula za mibare kuri Excel kugira ngo dukore isuzuma rusange. Ni ikibazo cyo kubona amafaranga menshi cyangwa make.” Ariko ubu, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi gihoraho cyahinduwe kikaba igiciro cy'amashanyarazi ku isoko, kandi uburyo bwo kwinjiza ingufu za photovoltaic bwabaye amateka. Aho “imbonerahamwe imwe ya Excel yashoboraga gukora ibintu byose ntabwo ikiriho.” Ubu, muri buri cyiciro cy'ubuzima bwose bw'umushinga, dukeneye kongera inyungu zishobora gukoreshwa no gukoreshwa. Muri iki gikorwa, porogaramu za AI zikora ku buryo bwa kinyamwuga zishobora kudufasha cyane mu guhindura kuva ku mbaraga “zinini” kugeza ku buyobozi “bunoze”.
Hari amajwi menshi n'ibisobanuro bitandukanye by'inyandiko Nomero 136 mu nganda. Mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara ya AI, ni ibihe bitekerezo na gahunda twagombye kugira ku bijyanye n'impinduka z'inganda mu gihe cya nyuma ya 531? Twagiranye ikiganiro kirambuye na Vision Power Technology, ikigo gikomeye mu nganda zikora porogaramu za AI mu nganda z'ingufu. Nk'ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cyihaye intego yo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano n'ingufu nshya, dukurikije ikoranabuhanga rya AI, hamwe n'amakuru menshi y'imishinga nyayo yakozwe kandi ikusanyirizwa hamwe n'ibikoresho bya platform, havuzwe muri make ibi bikurikira:
1. Igihe cy' "uburemere bw'umutwaro" kirageze, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no guhuza amashanyarazi kizishyurwa n'uruhande rw'umutungo n'uruhande rw'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi.
Nyuma ya politiki ya "531", uruhare rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi rurimo guhinduka cyane, kuva ku "muguzi wuzuye" wa mbere kugera ku "ushinzwe kugenzura isoko". Igihe abakora sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi bitaga ku bwubatsi gusa ntibatekereze ku kibazo cy'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi cyabaye amateka. Kubera ko umubare w'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwa photovoltaic ukomeje kwiyongera, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uri munsi y'igitutu gikomeye, kandi ikiguzi cyo kugenzura sisitemu no gucunga itandukaniro ry'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biriyongera umunsi ku wundi. Iki kiguzi ntikizongera kwishyurwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ahubwo kizajya gishyirwa ku bafite imishinga n'ibigo bikoresha ingufu. Mu gihe kizaza, "uwo yunguka, uwo yunguka" azaba urwego runini. Ibi bishyira ibisabwa byinshi ku bategura imishinga n'ibigo bisoza imirimo: bagomba gusobanukirwa neza imiterere yabo bwite y'umutwaro w'amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibisubizo n'ubushobozi bwo guhuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bagere ku iterambere rirambye n'imikorere.
2. Agaciro k'imishinga ya photovoltaic ntabwo kagishingira ku mutungo n'ibisenge gusa; inyungu nyayo ishingira ku bushobozi bwo gushushanya gahunda.
Bitewe n’uko ibiciro by’amashanyarazi bigenda birushaho kutumvikana neza ndetse n’igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, uburyo gakondo bwo “gufata ibisenge no guhatanira umutungo” burimo kugwa mu mubare w’amafaranga menshi. Ibyiza by’amafaranga yinjira mu gihe kizaza bishingiye cyane ku bintu bibiri: kimwe ni ukubara neza ubushobozi bw’umutwaro n’ubushobozi bwo gukoresha, ikindi ni ubushobozi bwo kunoza imiterere y’amafaranga yinjira mu bubiko bw’ingufu. Ibi bivuze ko uruhare rwa serivisi gakondo rw’umuhuza rugenda rugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi kwishingikiriza gusa ku makuru nta gaciro bigifite mu bucuruzi. Kugira ngo ugere ku nyungu zihoraho, ni ngombwa guhinduka umutanga serivisi yuzuye ufite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya ibisubizo, no kugaragaza agaciro kayo binyuze mu guha abakiriya ibisubizo bihoraho nko gushushanya sisitemu, gucunga ingufu, no kubara ubukungu. Ubushobozi bwo gushushanya n’ibitekerezo bya sisitemu biri kuba imbaraga z’ingenzi mu batanga serivisi nshya.
3. Kwishyura ibiciro by'amashanyarazi ntibikiri idirishya ry'inyungu zirenze urugero, ahubwo ni uburinzi bw'ibanze.
Kubera ko ingano y'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga n'igiciro cy'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga byagiye bizamuka buhoro buhoro, imiterere y'uburyo bwo kwishyurana bwa politiki yarahindutse - ntabwo ikiri garanti y'inyungu nyinshi, ahubwo ni "igikoresho cyo guhagarara" cyo kwirinda ibyago. Niba imishinga y'amashanyarazi igomba kugera ku nyungu nyinshi, ntigomba kwishingikiriza ku gukomeza inyungu za politiki, ahubwo igomba kwishingikiriza ku igabanywa ry'amafaranga mu buryo bwa siyansi no kunoza ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hubakwe icyitegererezo cy'inyungu gihamye. Iyi mpinduka ishishikariza inganda kugaruka ku gaciro k'imishinga ubwayo, ikareba inyungu binyuze mu guhindura imizigo mu buryo bunoze, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu neza no gukoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu neza, aho kwishingikiriza ku nyungu zo hanze kugira ngo "zizamure".
4. Ihame ryo guteza imbere umushinga ryahindutse cyane kuva ku "gukikiza igisenge" kugeza ku "gukikiza umutwaro".
Mu bihe byashize, ishingiro ry'irushanwa mu mishinga ikwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi kwari ukubona "umutungo": uwashoboraga kwihutisha umutekano w'igisenge yafataga iya mbere mu mushinga. Ariko, mu miterere mishya y'isoko, umutungo ubwawo ntukingana agaciro. Kubera ko atari ibisenge byose bifite imiterere myiza y'umutwaro, kandi ntibishobora kugera ku ikoreshwa ryiza ryo mu gace runaka. Kubwibyo, ishingiro ry'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ni "gushyira hamwe imizigo": ni abashobora kumenya abakoresha ubucuruzi bafite imizigo ihamye, ibihe bitandukanye by'umuvuduko n'ibihe bitari iby'umuvuduko, hamwe n'umwanya munini wo gutegura gahunda bashobora guteza imbere imishinga itanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi ifite umutekano mwinshi. Ibi bishyira ingufu nyinshi ku bushobozi bwo kubona amakuru, ubushobozi bwo gusesengura ingufu n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibisubizo by'abakora imishinga.
5. Ibigo byitabira isoko ry'amashanyarazi bigomba kubaka uburyo bwabyo bwo kohereza ingufu busesuye.
Kugira ngo imitungo yabo y’ingufu ikwirakwizwa ibone ubushobozi bwo gucuruza isoko, ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza "ibice bine muri kimwe" buhuza amasoko ya photovoltaic, ububiko bw’ingufu, umutwaro, n’ingufu muri sosiyete. Ibi ntibisaba gusa guhuza ibikoresho no gukorana neza ku rwego rw’ibikoresho, ahubwo bisaba no gushyiraho urubuga rumwe rwo kohereza ingufu ku rwego rw’igenzura kugira ngo hagerwe ku igabanywa ry’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gace zikoreramo no kuzikoresha, kandi hagakurikiraho igisubizo cy’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi mu buryo bufatika. Mu by’ukuri, ibigo bigomba kubaka microgrid nto kugira ngo bigere ku kwikorera no kuzikoresha, kuzikoresha mu buryo bwigenga no kuzicunga neza. Kubaka ubu buryo bizazana ubwisanzure mu by’ingufu no kugira ubushobozi bwo kwitabira isoko ku bigo, kandi binashyireho urufatiro rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ubushobozi bw’inganda zikora ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.
6. Inganda zitanga ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ni zo zizakoreshwa mu gihe kizaza mu bijyanye n'ingufu zikwirakwizwa, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa byinshi ku bushobozi bwa mbere bw'imashini zitanga ingufu.
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bw'ingufu zikwirakwizwa ni uguteranya ingufu – ni ukuvuga, binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya virtual power plant (VPP), umutungo ukoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu (nk'ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic, kubika ingufu) n'umutungo ukoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu (umutwaro usubijwe, umutwaro uhindagurika) bihuzwa mu buryo bwose hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kohereza, kandi bitabira ibikorwa na serivisi ku isoko ry'amashanyarazi. Inganda zikoresha ingufu zikoresha ingufu zikoresha ingufu zikoresha ingufu zikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa gusa, ahubwo binatuma habaho ipiganwa ku isoko n'umwanya w'inyungu. Ariko igisabwa kuri ibi byose ni ukugira ubushobozi bwo guhanura no kwerekana neza mu gihe cyo gushushanya umushinga. Uburyo gakondo bwo kwishingikiriza kuri Excel mu gupima static ntibushobora gukomeza gushyigikira uburyo bwo kunoza sisitemu hakoreshejwe ibintu byinshi, ibintu byinshi kandi bifite imbaraga nyinshi. Uburyo bwo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bya AI, gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bikoresha imbaraga, no gusesengura ibintu byinshi bizaba ubushobozi bw'ibanze bwo gusuzuma imishinga no gufata ibyemezo mu gihe cya VPP.
Muri make, bitewe n’uko isoko ry’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa rigenda rikura ndetse n’igihe cya nyuma ya 531, inganda zibika ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zinjiye mu gihe cy’impinduka zikomeye kuva ku gukoresha umutungo ukomoka ku ngufu kugeza ku gukoresha imbaraga zikomoka ku ngufu, kuva ku gukoresha ingufu zidasanzwe kugeza ku gukoresha ingufu mu buryo bw’ubwenge, no kuva ku kubaka ahantu hamwe kugeza ku guhuza sisitemu. Ikibazo nyamukuru abakoresha inganda n’ubucuruzi bahura nacyo si ikibazo cyo gushyiramo ingufu cyangwa kutazishyira, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kongera agaciro no kugabanya ingaruka z’umutungo w’ingufu bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi, ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi rito, imbogamizi z’amashanyarazi n’ingamba zikomeye zikomeje kwiyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-11-2025