Mu 2025, politiki nshya z'ingufu zakunze gushyirwaho, bigatuma inganda zirengerwa n'imbaraga. Mu gihe gikomeye aho inganda zose zihugiye mu nyandiko No 136, Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu basohoye politiki ikomeye ku bijyanye no guhuza ingufu zitagira impanuka ("Itangazo ku ngingo zijyanye no guteza imbere gahunda yo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu zitagira impanuka", iri nyuma y'aho ryitwa "Itangazo"), ritanga inkunga ku rwego rwa politiki ku nganda kugira ngo zisuzume uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ingufu mu bijyanye n'iterambere ry'isoko ry'ingufu.
Mu by’ukuri, mbere yuko politiki y’igihugu ishyirwaho, intara nka Jiangsu na Mongoliya y’imbere nazo zari zarasohoye inyandiko zijyanye no guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye, ariko nta nyandiko zisobanutse neza zari zihari zishyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi akoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye. Ishyirwaho ry’iyi politiki, ku nshuro ya mbere, ryasobanuye neza ibisobanuro by’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi akoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye, igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi akoresha ikoranabuhanga, intego z’iterambere, n’ikiguzi cyo kwishyura ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Nubwo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije bikiri ingorabahizi mu mikorere ifatika, gushyiraho politiki ku rwego rw'igihugu byatanze inkunga ikomeye ya politiki ku cyerekezo gikurikira cy'iterambere ry'ingufu nshya. Bitabaye ibyo, guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije ntibyigeze bigira icyo bigeraho,” impuguke izi neza politiki y’inganda yabibwiye Photovoltaic.
Mu rundi ruhande, nk'imwe mu mpamvu zituma ingufu nshya zikoreshwa mu gace runaka, niba guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye bifite agaciro mu bucuruzi biterwa n'imiterere yihariye y'umutwaro. Imishinga ikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi isaba ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye ni yo ifite agaciro kanini mu bucuruzi mu guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye.
Guhuza amashanyarazi y’icyatsi kibisi, amahitamo ashingiye ku byifuzo byinshi
Dukurikije ibisobanuro byemewe bya Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n’Ivugurura, gutangiza uburyo bwo guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku ngufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mpamvu eshatu: guhaza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nshya hafi aho, ibyifuzo by’abakoresha ku ngufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ikoranabuhanga, no gutanga andi mahitamo ku bakoresha kugira ngo bagabanye ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi.
Muri byo, uburyo ingufu nshya zikoreshwa mu gace k’iwabo byoroshye kubyumvisha inganda. Urugero, uburyo bwo kwihangira ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic no kuzikoresha, hamwe no kubika ingufu zikomoka ku isoko, byose ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku isoko. Guhuza ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije bisa cyane n’ishami ry’ingufu zikomoka ku isoko, kandi ni ubwoko bukoreshwa mu bihe bito.
Nyuma yo kuvugana n'inganda, amasosiyete akoresha amashanyarazi aturuka ku bushyuhe bw'izuba yasanze hari impaka nyinshi ku bijyanye no guhaza ibyifuzo by'abakoresha ku bijyanye n'amashanyarazi aturuka ku bushyuhe bw'izuba. Hari abantu batekereza ko kuva ibyemezo bya green power byahujwe na RE100, amasosiyete yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ashobora kugura ibyemezo bya green certificates mu buryo butaziguye, none kuki akeneye guhuza amashanyarazi aturuka ku bushyuhe bw'izuba?
Nyuma yo kugisha inama impuguke zibishinzwe, impuguke zikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka ku bushyuhe bw'izuba zasanze mu buryo bujyanye n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, ibyemezo by'icyatsi kibisi by'Abashinwa bitari mu rwego rwo kwemerwa. Nubwo kwemerwa kw'ibyemezo by'icyatsi kibisi by'Abashinwa mu buryo bwo guhindura imipaka ya karuboni mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi byariyongereye cyane binyuze mu buryo bw'ibiganiro hagati ya za guverinoma, kugeza ubu, Urwego rw'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi rushinzwe Gutunganya Imipaka ya Karuboni (CBAM) ntirwemera ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'ibyemezo by'icyatsi kibisi. Rwemera gusa ikoranabuhanga rihuza amasoko y'amashanyarazi n'inganda zikora, cyangwa amasezerano yo kugura ingufu z'amashanyarazi (PPA) yasinywe hagati y'abakora ingufu n'abaguzi.
Muri iki kibazo, nubwo hari ubwinshi bw’amashanyarazi aturuka mu bigo byohereza mu mahanga, guhuza amashanyarazi aturuka mu bidukikije nta gushidikanya ko ari kimwe mu mahitamo meza. Mbere yaho, gushyiraho politiki yo guhuza amashanyarazi aturuka mu bidukikije mu Ntara ya Jiangsu byari bishingiye ku bisabwa n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ku bijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zituruka mu bidukikije. Uburyo bwo guhuza ingufu zituruka mu bidukikije, binyuze mu guhuza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zituruka mu bidukikije, buha ibigo inzira yo kugabanya karuboni ihendutse kandi ikurikije amategeko, cyane cyane ikwiriye inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi zikoresha cyane.
Uretse ibigo bigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, abakoresha ingufu bakomeye nabo ni ingenzi mu buryo bwo guhuza ingufu zidasanzwe. Mu bigo bikoresha ingufu nyinshi nka aluminiyumu, ibyuma, na sima, hari bimwe bifite inganda zabyo zitanga ingufu zishyuha. “Ibi bigo bifite ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi, binyuze mu kuba bifite ibikoresho by’umuyaga, imirasire y’izuba, n’ububiko, hamwe n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo kohereza, bishobora kubyaza umusaruro ingaruka z’ubunini kugira ngo bigabanye ibiciro by’amashanyarazi.
Bivugwa ko umushinga wo gucuruza peteroli mu ntara imwe y'iburasirazuba ushobora kugera ku giciro cy'amashanyarazi cya yuan 0.2+ kuri kilowati-saaha ukoresheje guhuza uruganda rwayo rw'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi y'umuyaga n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ari munsi cyane y'igiciro cyo kugura amashanyarazi manini.
Ese ingaruka z'ishoramari zishobora kwitabwaho?
Nyuma yo kuganira niba uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bushoboka, ingingo ikurikiraho ni ikibazo cy'ibyago by'ishoramari.
Mu by’ukuri, ikintu gisa n’uburyo bwo guhuza ingufu zikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe (green power connection) n’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi n’izikomoka ku nganda n’iz’ubucuruzi, ni uko iyo bisuzumwe mu buryo bw’ishoramari ry’abandi bantu, umukoresha aba ari we utera ikibazo gikomeye, nko guhomba mu bigo cyangwa kugabanuka k’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi.
Iki kibazo mu by’ukuri ni cyo giteye ikibazo gikomeye cyane mu isuzuma ry’inganda hakurikijwe ishoramari ry’uruhande rwa gatatu. Si uburyo bubiri bwavuzwe haruguru gusa, ahubwo hanateganywa umushinga nka hydrogen, ammonia na alcohol biva mu ngufu zisubiramo hamwe n’ububiko bw’ingufu zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi, kutamenya neza niba amashanyarazi akenewe cyangwa kugurisha hydrogen, ammonia na alcohol ni byo bigoranye cyane mu gufata ibyemezo by’ishoramari.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura iki kibazo cyangwa kwirinda iki kibazo uko bishoboka kose ni uguhuza ishoramari n'abakoresha. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma igipimo cy'ishoramari ry'abashoramari mu nganda n'ubucuruzi mu turere twa Jiangsu na Zhejiang cyiyongera mu myaka ibiri ishize. Ku ruhande rumwe, aba ba nyir'amazu bakeneye kugabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi no gukoresha amashanyarazi adahumanya ikirere. Ku rundi ruhande, ishoramari ry'abashoramari mu buryo bwikora ririnda kandi ibintu bidafite ishingiro bishobora guhurirana n'ishoramari ry'abandi bantu, nko guhinduka kw'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi.
Birumvikana ko inzego zibifitiye ububasha ku rwego rw'igihugu nazo zabigezeho. "Itangazo" rivuga ko amasoko y'amashanyarazi y'umushinga ashobora gushoramo imari n'abakoresha, cyangwa ibigo bishya bitanga ingufu cyangwa imikoranire byashyizweho n'impande zombi. Imiyoboro yihariye yo guhuza amashanyarazi igomba, muri rusange, gushoramo imari n'abakoresha n'ibigo bitanga ingufu. Niba isoko y'amashanyarazi y'umushinga n'umukoresha atari ikigo kimwe cy'ishoramari, amasezerano yo kugura ingufu y'amashanyarazi y'imyaka myinshi cyangwa amasezerano yo gucunga ingufu agomba gusinywa, kandi amasezerano agomba gusinywa ku ngingo nko kubaka inyubako z'amashanyarazi, igabana ry'uburenganzira ku mutungo, imikorere n'ibungabunga, kohereza no gukoresha, imibanire yo gukemura ibibazo, n'inshingano zo kutubahiriza amasezerano kugira ngo hirindwe uburenganzira n'inshingano bidasobanutse kandi birinde neza uburenganzira n'inyungu byemewe by'ikigo cy'ishoramari.
Bityo rero, uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza amashanyarazi ateza imbere ibidukikije ni ukwishora imari ku bakoresha ubwabo. Birumvikana ko ibigo by’abikorera ku giti cyabo bishobora no kwitabira imishinga ihuriweho kugira ngo bifatanye n’abakoresha kandi bihamye ibyo biteze ku ishoramari.
Gushyira hamwe ikiguzi cy'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'igabanywa ry'inyungu?
Ukurikije imikorere ifatika ya moderi ya green power direct connection, “Imbaraga ikomeye yo kudashyirwa imbere mu ntera ya moderi zijyanye nayo yaturutse ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Iyi moderi ingana no kwimura ‘cake’ y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi.” Ibi ni ibintu bihuriweho n’abitabiriye ishoramari ry’imishinga ijyanye nayo.
Bityo rero, isohoka ry'iyi nyandiko yo guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya green power ryatekereje ku nyungu z'impande nyinshi zishoboka. Kugira ngo inshingano zo kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi n'inshingano z'imibereho myiza zigerweho, no kongera ubushobozi bw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi rusange kugira ngo ikomeze gutanga serivisi zo kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi yose, Itangazo risaba ko imishinga yishyura amafaranga yo kohereza no gukwirakwiza, amafaranga y'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, inkunga zishingiye kuri politiki, amafaranga ya leta n'andi mafaranga y'inyongera, n'ibindi hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga ibiciro n'imari by'Inama ya Leta. Uturere ntitwemerewe kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho amafaranga ajyanye n'ayo mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko y'igihugu.
Ukurikije ibitekerezo byatanzwe, impaka ku mafaranga asabwa kugira ngo amashanyarazi ahuzwe n’ibidukikije yavuzwe haruguru ni yo menshi kurusha ayandi. Bamwe mu bahanga mu nganda bemeza ko niba amafaranga yose agomba kwishyurwa ari amwe n’ay’amashanyarazi manini, “ikibazo gikomeye ni ukumenya niba igiciro cy’amashanyarazi ku bakoresha amashanyarazi gihendutse cyangwa gihenze kurusha icy’amashanyarazi?” Iki ni kimwe mu bibazo by’ingenzi bigena niba uburyo bw’ubucuruzi bushobora gukora.
Impuguke mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi akomoka kuri photovoltaic zaganiriye n’impuguke zibishinzwe maze zigira ziti “Mu buryo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi, bigaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ry’ibigo bigikeneye kwemezwa n’amashanyarazi manini. Kubwibyo, amafaranga asabwa yo kugura amashanyarazi akomoka kuri amashanyarazi agomba kwishyurwa nk’uko byagenwe. Ariko, amafaranga yo kwishyurwa igice cy’amashanyarazi gifitanye isano n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku bidukikije agomba kugabanuka gato.”
Bamwe mu bahanga mu nganda bavuze ko iyo ingufu zikoreshwa mu kurengera ibidukikije zihujwe neza ku muvuduko muto w’amashanyarazi, ikiguzi cy’imiyoboro yihariye gishobora kuba kiri hasi gato ugereranyije n’icyo gukoresha intera ndende binyuze mu kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Ariko kandi, hari abavuga ko amafaranga y’imiyoboro yihariye hamwe n’ibindi bicuruzwa bikomeye bishobora kuba bidahenze cyane kuruta kugura amashanyarazi mu muyoboro munini w’amashanyarazi amaherezo. “Kubera iyo mpamvu, niba umushinga ushobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa biterwa n’ibarura ry’ubukungu rya buri mushinga.”
Ku bijyanye n'ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi, ibisobanuro byemewe byavuze ko “Dukwiye guteza imbere imishinga yo guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye kugira ngo tugere ku bushobozi bwazo bwo kugenzura, twongere igipimo cy'ingufu nshya zikoreshwa n'izikoreshwa ubwacu, tugabanye icyifuzo cy'ubushobozi bwo guhuza amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi aturuka ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi rusange, tugabanye ikiguzi cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ikiguzi cyo kugenzura sisitemu, kandi tugabanye ikiguzi cyo gukora umushinga.” Muri icyo gihe, duteze imbere umushinga wo guhuza ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye kugira ngo twitabire isoko ry'amashanyarazi muri rusange, twongere uburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi no kuyakoresha mu buryo bwigenga, kandi tubone inyungu ikwiye binyuze mu gucuruza ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'izindi serivisi zijyanye nayo mu rwego rwo kuzuza ibisabwa by'amashanyarazi ashyirwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Ku rundi ruhande, ukurikije umutekano w’imikorere y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, “Itangazo” ryanashyizeho inzitizi nyinshi mu mategeko arambuye, harimo no gusobanura neza ko imiyoboro minini y’amashanyarazi n’imishinga ihuza amashanyarazi akoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye igomba kuzuza inshingano zayo z’umutekano n’ingwate hakurikijwe inshingano, ndetse no gushyira imbere ibisabwa ku mishinga ihuza amashanyarazi akoresha ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye uhereye ku bijyanye n’igenamigambi, guhuza amashanyarazi n’imikorere, hashyirwa imbere umutekano w’imikorere y’umuyoboro munini w’amashanyarazi.
Mu gusoza, nk'inyandiko yafashe igihe kirenga igice cy'umwaka kugira ngo ishyirwe ahagaragara, guhuza ingufu zidasanzwe byazanye iterambere rikomeye mu bijyanye na sisitemu n'uburyo ikoreshwa. Iyi nyandiko inareba mu buryo bwuzuye inyungu z'impande nyinshi kandi yuzuyemo ibisobanuro birambuye. Ariko, mu bucuruzi, guhuza ingufu zidasanzwe ntibikoreshwa mu bihe byose muri iki gihe. Ikomeje kuba amahitamo ya mbere mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, abakoresha amashanyarazi menshi, abakenera ingufu nyinshi zidasanzwe cyangwa ahantu hadakomeye ho gukoresha amashanyarazi.
Inzira iri imbere ni ndende kandi iragoye, ariko uko byagenda kose, guhuza ingufu zidasanzwe bitanga indi nzira nshya yo guteza imbere ingufu nshya z'Ubushinwa, ndetse no gushakisha inzira ibigo bifite ibyo byifuzo bifitanye isano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-04-2025