Ubutayu bunini n'uturere tw'ubutayu mu Bushinwa birimo kuva ku busembwa bw'ibidukikije kugera ku kibuga cy'intambara cy'ingenzi cyo guhindura ingufu. Mu 2025, hakurikijwe imbaraga zikomeye z'intego z'igihugu za "karubone ebyiri" n'ingamba zo kubungabunga ingufu, pariki za zeru-karubone n'inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga bizaba ingenzi kugira ngo aka gace gashobore kwinjira mu isoko rya za tiriyari za yuan. Inyungu za politiki zashyizwe ahagaragara cyane. Ningxia yakusanyije neza kilowati miliyoni 3.79 z'umutwaro, kandi ubutayu bwa Gobi muri Gansu bwageze ku iterambere rihuriweho ryo kugenzura umucanga wa photovoltaic no kugabanya toni 800.000 za CO₂ buri mwaka. Ni gute ibigo bishobora gufata amahirwe ya politiki, bigaca mu mbogamizi z'ikoranabuhanga kandi bikagera ku ntera muri uyu "mugabane mushya w'icyatsi kibisi" w'ubutayu n'ubutaka bw'ubutayu? Igisubizo kiri muri iyi mpinduramatwara ikomeye y'ingufu n'ibidukikije.
01 Inkunga ya politiki: Ishingiye cyane ku ngamba z'igihugu
Imishinga y'igerageza ku rwego rw'igihugu ni yo igena icyerekezo
Muri Kamena 2025, "Itangazo ku itsinda rya mbere ry'imishinga y'igerageza yo kubaka sisitemu nshya y'amashanyarazi" ryashyize ahagaragara inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga nk'imwe mu cyerekezo cy'ingenzi, bikaba byarasabaga ko "inganda nyinshi z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zikubakwa cyangwa kuvugururwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'aho ziherereye", hibandwa ku gushyigikira uturere tw'umucanga, ubutayu n'ubutayu kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bwo kuzigenzura binyuze mu guhuriza hamwe umutungo ukwirakwizwa, no gushishikariza kwitabira isoko ry'amashanyarazi no gucuruza karuboni.
Igenamigambi ryihariye ry’ubutayu n’ubutaka bw’ubutayu ryashyizwe mu bikorwa
"Gahunda yo kurwanya ubutayu bwa photovoltaic ku turere dutatu tw'Amajyaruguru, Gobi n'Ibisigazwa (2025-2030)" yashyizwe ahagaragara ku mugaragaro, hagamijwe kongeramo kilowati miliyoni 253 z'ubushobozi bwa photovoltaic, gutunganya miliyoni 10.1 za mu by'umucanga, gutanga ubutaka bunini n'amashanyarazi ahumanya ibidukikije ku mapariki nta karubone, no gusaba ubufatanye mu gusana ibidukikije.
Iterambere n'udushya mu buryo bushingiye ku isoko
Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ingufu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba cyasohoye "Amategeko y'Isoko ry'Ingano y'Ingufu mu gihe gito yo gushyigikira amasoko y'amashanyarazi mu mucanga, mu butayu no mu butayu", yemerera ububiko bw'ingufu n'ibindi bigo kwitabira isoko mu buryo bworoshye bwo "gutanga raporo y'ingano nta gushingira ku giciro", no gufungura inzira y'amafaranga yinjira ku nganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha interineti.
Hazashyirwa imbere kugenzura ko amafaranga n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bihuzwa
Impapuro mvunjwafaranga zihariye za leta zizajya zishyira imbere gushyigikira imishinga y’igerageza yujuje ibisabwa mu butayu no mu butaka butarimo amazi. Imishinga ikoresha uburyo bwa "ingufu zikoresha amakara n'imikorere mishya y'ingufu" ishobora guhabwa uburenganzira bwo guhuza amashanyarazi mbere y'ibindi byose.
02 Uko iterambere rihagaze ubu: Imyigaragambyo n'ubuyobozi, urwego rw'ibanze ruri kugaragara
■ Uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa interineti: Ubushobozi bwo guteranya bwariyongereye cyane
Ningxia iyoboye igihugu: Yubatse urubuga rw’amashanyarazi rukoresha ikoranabuhanga, yakusanyije neza kilowati miliyoni 3.79 z’umuzigo ushobora guhindurwa, kandi ikora imiterere y’ “urwego rutatu rw’urwego rubiri”, ifite ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kugenzura.
Kongera ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga: Hashyizweho sisitemu nini z'ibigo nka State Grid NARI, ariko haracyakenewe intambwe zikenewe mu mikorere ya politiki kugira ngo habeho guhuza ibikorwa mu ntara zitandukanye.
■ Pariki ya Zero-carbon: Imyitozo yo guhuza ingufu z'ibidukikije
Umuhanda wa Hexi mu Ntara ya Gansu uri kubaka uruhererekane rwuzuye rw'inganda: guteza imbere guhuza "umuyaga, imirasire y'izuba, ubushyuhe, ububiko n'umuyoboro wa hydrogen", umushinga wo kugenzura umucanga wa Jinta wa mu 10.000-mu wagabanyije toni 800.000 za CO₂ buri mwaka, kandi ibice bifite ingufu nyinshi nka Trina Solar byongereye imikorere.
Udushya mu buryo bwa Kubuqi: Binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyigikira rihindagurika (kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma ku kigero cya 26% no gushingira ku byuma ku kirundo ku kigero cya 45%), bitanga uburinganire hagati yo kurengera ibidukikije no kugenzura ikiguzi, kandi ibyavuye mu "gutanga amashanyarazi ku gishushanyo no kuvugurura munsi y'igishushanyo" byagezweho.
03 Ingingo y'Ububabare bw'Ibanze: Ingorane zigomba gukemurwa byihutirwa
■ Imbogamizi za tekiniki
Igice kinini cy'ingufu nshya gituma habaho ubunebwe budahagije mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigatera kwivumbagatanya kw'imirongo miremire. Umutungo ku ruhande rw'umutwaro uratatanye kandi ubushobozi bwo gusubiza ni buke.
Igipimo cyo kugabanyirizwa ingufu z'amashanyarazi kiri hejuru: Mu duce tumwe na tumwe two mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u Bushinwa, igipimo cyo kugabanyirizwa ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyageze kuri 30-40%, aho ibibazo bikomeye birenga 80%. Hamwe n'igiciro gito cy'amashanyarazi (0.1-0.2 yuan kuri kilowati y'isaha), amafaranga yinjira mu mushinga ari munsi y'umuvuduko.
■ Ubufatanye budahagije hagati y'ibidukikije na politiki
Ibidukikije mu butaka bw'umucanga biragoye. Kubaka ingomero z'amashanyarazi bishobora kwangiza ubutaka no kongera isuri y'umuyaga. Uburyo bwo kwishyurana mu gace n'amategeko agenga ubucuruzi hagati y'intara ntibirashyirwa hamwe.
Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bw'inganda zitanga ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga bushingiye ku nkunga ya politiki, kandi uburyo zikomeza kugurishwa buracyari ngombwa kwemezwa.
04 Ibyiza Bidasanzwe: Gutanga umutungo n'ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa
■ Inguzanyo y'umutungo idasanzwe
Agace ka Shage Wasteland gafite ubuso bwa 26.81% by'ubutaka bw'igihugu, aho izuba rimara amasaha arenga 3.200 ku mwaka, bigatuma ari ko gafite umutungo mwiza cyane uturuka kuri photovoltaic mu gihugu.
Igiciro gito cy'ubutaka: Hari ubutaka bwinshi butakoreshejwe, bukwiriye iterambere rinini riri hafi.
■ Kongera ubufatanye no kunoza imikorere y'ibidukikije n'ingufu
Imiterere y’ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic ishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’ubuso, ikagabanya imyuka y’amazi no guteza imbere ukwiyubaka kw’ibimera (nk’umushinga wa Kubuqi).
Uburyo buhuriweho bwa "photovoltaic + umucanga + ubuhinzi n'ubworozi" butanga inyungu eshatu z'amashanyarazi arengera ibidukikije, imiyoboro ya karuboni n'ubuhinzi.
05 Amahirwe y'ibigo: Udushya n'Iterambere ry'Isoko
■ Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga dutuma ibiciro bigabanuka kandi bigatera imbere mu mikorere myiza
Ububiko bw'ingufu bukora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: Urufunguzo rwo gukemura ibibazo by'uburibwe bw'inkunga idakomeye y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (nk'uburyo bwa Trina Energy Storage bukoresha ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -35°C na 55°C).
Inkunga zihindagurika n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge: Kongera ingufu zikoreshwa ku kigero kirenga 10% no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma ku kigero cya 30% (nk'inkunga ya "Suiying" ya One New Energy).
■ Icyitegererezo cy'udushya n'itangwa rya serivisi ku isoko
Abakora uruganda rw'amashanyarazi kuri interineti: Kwibanda ku gukusanya imizigo, kwitabira serivisi z'ubufasha mu kogosha ingano y'amashanyarazi, gucuruza ahantu hanini h'amashanyarazi no gucuruza ibyangombwa by'ibidukikije (bishingiye ku buryo bwa Ningxia).
Umutanga serivisi yuzuye ya Zero-carbon park: Atanga igisubizo cyuzuye cya "ububiko bw'inkomoko-umutwaro-w'amashanyarazi" no kwagura serivisi zongerera agaciro nk'impamyabushobozi ya carbon footprint (reba umushinga w'igerageza rya bateri ya lithiamu muri Gansu).
06 Ingendo z'ejo hazaza: Gushimangira politiki, guhuza ikoranabuhanga, no gushyira mu bikorwa isoko
Gushimangira politiki
Ubutayu n'ubutaka bw'ubutayu bizaba ahantu hakomeye ho gushakira ingufu nshya mu gihe cya gahunda y'imyaka itanu ya 14, kandi gahunda rusange ya politiki (ubutaka, imisoro, n'ikoreshwa) ku mijyi y'icyitegererezo izihutishwa kugira ngo itangwe.
Guhuza ikoranabuhanga
Inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya AI (nk'uko byari byarahanuwe muri Zhejiang) hamwe n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikora grid byabaye ngombwa cyane mu guhuza grid.
Uburyo bw'isoko
Impamyabumenyi z’icyatsi kibisi na CCers byongeye gutangizwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gutanga inyungu za karuboni, kandi inzira zo gucuruza ahantu hatandukanye mu ntara zitandukanye zaragutse.
Ubufatanye mu by'ibidukikije
Ishami rishinzwe amashyamba n'ibyatsi rifata iya mbere mu gushyiraho amahame ngenderwaho yo kugenzura umucanga ukoresha amashanyarazi aturuka kuri fotovoltaic kandi riteza imbere uburyo bwo gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga "ubwuzuzanye bw'ibyatsi n'amashanyarazi aturuka kuri fotovoltaic" na "ubwuzuzanye bw'ubuhinzi n'amashanyarazi aturuka kuri fotovoltaic".
07 Incamake
Pariki z’amashanyarazi zitagira karuboni n’inganda zikora amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu turere tw’umucanga, uturima tw’ubutayu n’utw’ubutayu muri iki gihe ziri mu bihe by’inyungu rusange za politiki n’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga: mu gihe gito, ni ngombwa gutsinda ivuguruzanya riri hagati y’igipimo cyo hejuru cy’ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije (nk’inkunga zihindagurika + imikorere y’ubwenge no kubungabunga). Mu gihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire, hishingiwe ku bushobozi bwo guhuriza hamwe inganda zikora amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga n’amashanyarazi aturuka ku bidukikije (nk’uko hifashishijwe hydrogen, ammonia na alcool), inzira y’ingufu z’ibice bine ishobora kugerwaho, “ingufu zikoreshwa mu kubyara – kugenzura umucanga – gukwirakwiza karuboni – inganda”. Ibigo bigomba kwibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rikora amashanyarazi, imiterere irengera ibidukikije n’ubushobozi bwo gukorera mu turere dutandukanye kugira ngo bigarurire isoko ry’inyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-17-2025