Inganda zikora amashanyarazi ya fotovoltaic (PV) ni inkingi y'ingenzi y'Ubushinwa mu kugera ku ntego zabwo za "karuboni ebyiri" no gushyiraho sisitemu nshya y'ingufu. Ubu zimaze gushinga umwanya ukomeye ku isi kandi ziteza imbere ubushobozi bwo kugenzura burundu. Ariko, uru rwego rumaze igihe ruhura n'ibibazo nko kudahuza neza hagati y'inganda n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryazo, kudahuza hagati y'imiterere y'ubushobozi bwo gukora n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara grid, hamwe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushobozi n'ibura ry'ibikoresho, byabangamiye cyane iterambere ry'inganda. Hamwe n'ihungabana rya politiki y'isi n'izamuka ry'uburinzi bw'ubucuruzi mu myaka ya vuba aha, irushanwa "ry'impinduka" mu nganda ryariyongereye. Igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo gukora PV kirenze ubusabe kabiri, kandi irushanwa riciriritse n'iryateje igihombo kinini kirenga miliyari 100 z'amayuwani ku nganda zose mu myaka ibiri yikurikiranya. Ku isoko ry'imari, agaciro k'inganda zose ku isoko kagabanutseho hafi tiriyari 4 z'amayuwani ugereranije n'igihe rwahozeho mu mateka. Iyi ngeso nikomeza gukwirakwira, ishobora guteza urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa, bigatera ikibazo ku mutekano w'imari w'igihugu. Muri uyu mwaka, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Igihugu n’Inama Ngishwanama ku bya Politiki y’Abaturage b’Abashinwa batanze ibitekerezo bifatika byo gushyira urwego rw’inganda za PV mu micungire y’inganda z’ingufu.
Muri Mutarama 2025, Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Iterambere n’Ivugurura yasohoye "Itangazo ryo Gushimangira Ivugurura ry’Ibiciro by’Amashanyarazi ashingiye ku Isoko ry’Ingufu Zisubira zikoresha Umuyoboro w’Amashanyarazi kugira ngo Hatezwe Iterambere ry’Ingufu Zisubira" (FGNJ [2025] No. 136), rigamije guteza imbere ihuzwa ryuzuye ry’amashanyarazi akoresha umuyoboro w’Amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi, ibiciro bikozwe binyuze mu bikorwa by’isoko, bifite akamaro kanini mu gihe kirekire. Ariko, nk'inyandiko y’igihugu, ibisobanuro byihariye by’ishyirwa mu bikorwa bisigara kuri buri ntara (umujyi, akarere) ngo bishyirweho, bigatera politiki zidasobanutse ahantu henshi. Bitewe n’ibibazo byo kudasobanukirwa neza politiki n’ingaruka z’imikorere byatewe n’ihindagurika rikomeye ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi nyuma y’uko ingufu zisubira zinjira ku isoko, ibigo byinshi byabaye ngombwa ko bigabanya cyangwa bihagarika iterambere n’iyubakwa ry’imishinga mishya, bigatuma ubushobozi bwa photovoltaic (PV) bwo mu gihugu buhagarara mu 2025, ndetse n’izamuka ribi rishobora kubaho mu 2026 ku nshuro ya mbere mu myaka ya vuba aha.
Hagati aho, bitewe n’impamvu za politiki y’isi ndetse no gushishikarizwa n’imbaraga za Amerika zo gukurura inganda zikora ibintu bitandukanye, ubushobozi bwo gukora module za photovoltaic (PV) mu Bushinwa bwo mu mahanga bwariyongereye cyane kugera kuri 100GW. Izamuka ry’inganda zikora PV muri Amerika no mu Buhinde ryagabanyije isoko ryacu mpuzamahanga, kandi ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bishobora guhagarara mu gihe kirekire. Bitewe n’ibi, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya PV module mu Bushinwa byagabanutseho 2.1% by’izamuka ry’umwaka ushize mu 2025, kandi byitezwe ko bitazongera kwiyongera cyangwa ngo bigaragaze iterambere rito mu myaka iri imbere. Bitewe n’igitutu ku masoko yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga, ni nko kongera igitutsi ku nganda zose. Niba icyifuzo gikomeje kugabanuka muri uyu mwaka, inganda zose zizakomeza guhura n’igihombo, kandi ipiganwa “rishingiye ku mihindagurikire” rishobora kwiyongera cyane.
Muri iki gihe cy'ingenzi aho igihugu kirimo kugera ku ntego za "karubone ebyiri", inganda za photovoltaic (PV) ntizigomba kongera gucungwa nk'inganda rusange zikora. Ahubwo, zigomba kurinda neza amahirwe yazo akomeye mu irushanwa mpuzamahanga, zikita cyane ku ruhare rwazo rukomeye mu mpinduka mu ngufu mu Bushinwa, ndetse n'akamaro kazo mu rwego rw'ingufu n'umutekano w'ivunjisha ry'amahanga mu gihugu. Muri urwo rwego, gushyira inzira y'inganda za PV mu micungire y'inganda z'ingufu bishobora kugera ku bufatanye hagati y'inganda n'ikoreshwa ryazo, gushyira imbaraga zingana ku mutekano n'impinduka, na politiki n'ubuyobozi buhuriweho ku nganda za PV. Ku gihugu, ni ukuvugurura sisitemu y'imicungire y'ingufu mu Bushinwa ishingiye ku mpinduka mu miterere y'ingufu n'iby'umutekano w'ingufu, kandi ni garanti y'ingenzi yo gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'intego za "karubone ebyiri" n'iterambere ry'igihugu rifite ireme. Muri urwo rwego, hari ibitekerezo bikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, birasabwa gushyira inzira yo gukora imashini zikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic mu igenamigambi rusange n'imicungire y'urwego rw'ingufu. Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura na Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru bagomba gufata iya mbere mu guhuza imicungire y'inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic, hamwe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta Bushinzwe Igenzura ry'Isoko, Minisiteri y'Ibidukikije n'Ibidukikije, hamwe n'izindi Minisiteri na komisiyo zitanga ubufatanye n'ubufatanye. Ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini zikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic bugomba guhuzwa n'iterambere ry'ingufu n'ubwubatsi bw'amashanyarazi, kandi hagashyirwaho uburyo bwo guhuza "gukora, gukoresha no gukoresha".
Icya kabiri, birasabwa kureba uburambe bugezweho mu micungire gakondo y’inganda z’ingufu no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura isoko mu gukora imashini zikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic bushingiye ku Itegeko ry’Ingufu rya Repubulika y’Abaturage y’Ubushinwa. Huza imikorere y’ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini zikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic n’igenamigambi ry’igihugu ryo gushyiraho imashini zikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic no gutumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, kandi hubakwe uburyo bwo kuringaniza ibintu mu buryo buhamye bwo “gushyiraho umusaruro ukurikije ibyo ukeneye”. Kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibiciro ku mpera y’inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuburira ibiciro, gufata ingamba zo kwihutisha ibiciro n’ingamba zihutirwa igihe bibaye ngombwa, no kubaka uburyo bwo gukumira no gusubiza ihindagurika ridasanzwe ry’ibiciro ku isoko.
Icya gatatu, birasabwa gushyiraho urubuga rw’igihugu ruhuriweho rwo kugenzura no kunoza uburyo bwo gutabara mu bihe by’impanuka no kugenzura ibintu byinshi. Hakwiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa by’inganda zikora imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo zigenzure amakuru nk’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, umusaruro, igiciro, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, n’ubwiza, ndetse n’imikorere y’ingendo, ikwirakwizwa, n’ikoreshwa. Isano ry’ibikoresho fatizo ku nganda zikora imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, polysilicon, rigomba gushyirwa muri sisitemu y’igihugu yo kubungabunga umutekano w’ingufu. Uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibibazo by’impanuka bwo gutanga no kubika ibikoresho fatizo mu bihe bikomeye bukwiye gushyirwaho kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bw’inganda mu guhangana n’ibibazo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-09-2026