Mu minsi ishize, bamwe mu bashoramari bo mu bigo bya leta bigengwa na leta bavuze ko kubera ko intara zimwe na zimwe zatangiye gusoresha imisoro ibiri ku butaka bukoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic hashingiwe ku buso bwose, itsinda ryasabye mu buryo bweruye ko imishinga yose ibarwa hashingiwe ku buso bwose bw’imisoro ibiri mu gihe cyo kwemeza isuzuma. “Hamwe n’ingaruka z’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi nk’uko bivugwa mu nyandiko No 136, hafi nta mushinga n’umwe ukoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic ushobora gutsinda isuzuma.”
Mu gusubiza ibi, inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku zubaka zakoze ubushakashatsi ku mikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu mishinga ikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku zubaka mu zindi ntara. Undi mushinga wa leta rwagati wavuze mu buryo butaziguye ko umushinga wawo ukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku zubaka uherereye mu ntara imwe mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba wari umaze kwishyura imisoro ibiri ku butaka bukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku zubaka hashingiwe ku buso bwose kuva umwaka ushize, kandi imishinga myinshi isanzweho yamaze kurangira igiye "gukurwaho". Hagati aho, ikigo cya leta nkuru nacyo cyabaruwe hashingiwe ku butaka n'imisoro ibiri itangwa ku buso bwose bw'ingufu zikomoka ku zubaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imishinga igiye kubakwa nta bushobozi ifite bwo gukomeza kubaka.
Mu gihe ibiciro by’amashanyarazi biteganijwe kugabanuka nk’uko bivugwa mu Nyandiko No 136 yo guteza imbere kwinjira mu buryo bwuzuye kw’ingufu nshya ku isoko, imisoro ibiri ku butaka bukoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic imaze imyaka myinshi isubirwamo yateje ikindi kibazo gikomeye ku ishoramari ryari rimaze gukonja mu buryo butunguranye mu bushyuhe bwa fotovoltaic.
Umusoro ku buso bwose bw'ubutaka utuma bigorana kubara ikiguzi cy'imishinga ya photovoltaic
Mu minsi ishize, umushoramari wo muri Xinjiang yabwiye Photovoltaic ko umwaka ushize, imishinga ikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic muri Xinjiang yatangiye gusoreshwa ubutaka hashingiwe ku gace kose. Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cyari kiri hasi ndetse n'igabanywa ry'ingufu nyinshi z'imishinga ikoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri fotovoltaic, hamwe n'ikiguzi cy'umusoro ku butaka, byatumye habaho izamuka rikomeye. “Igipimo cy'inyungu z'umushinga nta nyungu na mba gifite.”
Mu 2023, byari biteganyijwe ko umusoro ku karere kose uzajya utangwa ku gipimo cya yuan 3 kuri metero kare. Ariko, nyuma y’ibitekerezo byinshi n’ibiganiro hagati y’abashoramari benshi, igipimo cya nyuma cy’umusoro cyashyizweho kuri yuan 0.6 kuri metero kare. Nubwo bimeze bityo, iyo kibarwa ku gipimo cya mu 250 kuri 10MW, byasobanura ko hari ikiguzi cy’inyongera cya yuan 10.000 kuri MW ku mwaka. “Urebye ukwezi k’ingufu z’imyaka 20, bivuze ko igiciro cya yuan 0.2 kuri watt”, nk’uko uyu mushoramari yabitangaje. “Imishinga yo muri Xinjiang iri hafi guhomba. Hamwe n’ingaruka z’inyandiko No 136, imishinga ikurikiraho ntabwo ishoboka na gato kuyikora. Abandi bashoramari bamaze gutanga ibimenyetso byinshi bya photovoltaic.”
Undi mukozi w’ikigo cy’amashanyarazi cya leta gikorera mu ntara imwe mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’u Bushinwa, na we yavuze ko umusoro ku butaka bw’umushinga we wa photovoltaic watangiye kwishyurwa agace kose kuva umwaka ushize, aho buri gice cy’ikusanyirizo kingana na yuan 0.6 kuri metero kare. Umusoro ku butaka buhingwa na wo wishyurwa agace kose, aho buri gice cy’ikusanyirizo kingana na yuan 8 kuri metero kare. Umukozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu cya leta yagize ati: “Amahame yo kwikusanyiriza mbere na nyuma yuko umushinga urangira yagiye ahinduka kenshi, akurura ibigo by’amashanyarazi bya photovoltaic kugira ngo ‘bice’.”
“Kuri ubu, ikiguzi cy’ubutaka giterwa n’imishinga ya photovoltaic mu by’ukuri kiri hejuru cyane. Ndetse no ku mishinga iri mu butaka butuwe cyane n’umucanga n’ubutaka butarimo abantu benshi, ikiguzi cy’ubutaka kiri hejuru ya yuan 2.800 kuri mu. Urugero, ikiguzi cyo kugura ubutaka ni yuan 1.800 kuri mu, ikiguzi cyo gusana ibyatsi ku butaka bw’ubwubatsi ni yuan 2.300 kuri mu, n’ubwishingizi bw’ubwiteganyirize bw’abashumba, n’ibindi.” Umukozi w’ikigo cya leta yo hagati yongeyeho ati: “Hamwe no kongeramo umusoro ku butaka bwo mu mijyi n’umusoro ku butaka bwo mu mirima utangwa ku karere kose, nyuma y’uko inyandiko No. 136 ishyigikira kwinjira kuzuye kw’ingufu za photovoltaic ku isoko, iyo zimaze kwinjira ku isoko, imisoro n’amafaranga ku butaka birashoboka cyane ko bizaca burundu ishoramari rya sitasiyo z’amashanyarazi.”
Umushoramari wo mu kigo cya leta yo hagati mu ntara yo hagati n'iy'iburasirazuba nawe yavuze ko umushinga wabo wasabwe kwishyura imisoro ibiri ku butaka bukoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri amashanyarazi, ariko nta kimenyetso gisobanutse neza cy'uburyo bwo kwishyura, igihe cyo kwishyura, cyangwa uburyo bwo kugena agace, bityo bashobora kuba bagitinze. Niba hatangiye gutangwa umusoro wose, "igipimo cy'inyungu z'umushinga kizaba kidashoboka."
Bahanganye n'ibibazo by'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bidasobanutse neza ndetse n'imisoro y'ubutaka mu gace kose nk'uko bivugwa mu Nyandiko No 136, abakora imishinga itandukanye y'ubucuruzi batangaje ko kubara umusoro ku butaka ku mishinga yemewe ya photovoltaic ubu byose bisaba gukusanya ahantu hose. Ibyinshi mu bigo by'ubucuruzi bya central byarushijeho kuba bibi mu ishoramari ryabyo mu mishinga ya photovoltaic, kandi bike muri byo ntibiherutse kwemezwa.
Umushoramari wavuzwe haruguru yagaragaje impungenge agira ati: “Uko intara nyinshi zigenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro mu gukusanya imisoro ibiri ku butaka, uburyo bwo kuyikusanya buzaba ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi kigena 'umurongo w’ubuzima' bw’imishinga nyuma y’inyandiko No 136. Hamwe n’ingaruka zizabaho mbere y’igihe, amahitamo yonyine ni ukubara neza ikusanyirizo hashingiwe ku gace kose.”
Imvugo ngo “Hitamo hasi aho guhitamo hejuru” yahindutse amagambo y'ubusa
Ikibazo cy'imisoro ibiri ku butaka mu nganda zikoresha ingufu za fotovoltaic kimaze imyaka icumi gihangayikishije inganda kuva kuri "Gahunda ya 13 y'imyaka itanu" kugeza kuri "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu". Niba ari ukubishyira mu misoro, uburyo bwo kubishyuza, n'amahame ngenderwaho yo kubikusanyiriza byahoraga biri ku buyobozi bw'inzego z'ibanze. Amahame ngenderwaho y'umusoro ku butaka yasezeranyijwe mu gihe cyo guteza imbere imishinga n'ayo nyuma yo kurangiza umushinga aratandukanye cyane, ibyo bikaba byaranatumye uburyo bwo kwinjiza amafaranga mu mishinga ikoresha ingufu za fotovoltaic buhungabana burundu. Imishinga myinshi yaguye mu gihombo.
Mu 2023, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu cyasohoye "Isesengura ry’Igenamigambi ryo Gushyira mu Bikorwa Iterambere ry’Ingufu Nshya mu Gihe Gishya", kivuga neza ko amahame ngenderwaho yo gukusanya imisoro ku mikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu ntara zitandukanye n’imijyi adasobanutse neza, kandi ko imisoro myinshi ikunze kubaho kenshi. Ubutegetsi bw’ibanze ni bwinshi, kandi imishinga myinshi iracyafite ibiro by’imisoro byo mu gace n’indi ishyiraho imisoro y’ubutaka nyuma yo guhuzwa n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi cyangwa imaze imyaka myinshi ikora.
Byongeye kandi, amahame yo gukusanya aratandukanye cyane, kandi kwishyura imisoro ku mishinga isa mu turere dutandukanye biratandukanye cyane. Ku mushinga wa 10MW ukoresha amashanyarazi aturuka kuri fotovoltaic, kwishyura imisoro buri mwaka kuri miliyoni 78.000 kugeza kuri miliyoni 2.04 z'amayuan, ibyo byongera cyane umutwaro w'imisoro ku bigo bitanga umuyaga n'izuba. Dufashe urugero rw'umushinga wa fotovoltaic mu gace runaka mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Bushinwa mu 2021, umusoro ku butaka n'amafaranga y'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi cya fotovoltaic cya 200MW cyonyine byarenze miliyoni 150 z'amayuan, kandi ikiguzi cy'ishoramari ry'umushinga cyariyongereyeho arenga 20%.
Nubwo Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu gisaba abaturage bose gukurikiza ihame ryo "guhitamo iri hasi aho guhitamo iri hejuru" kugira ngo hamenyekane neza aho urwego n'amahame ngenderwaho yo gukusanya umusoro ku butaka bwo mu mijyi n'umusoro ku butaka bwo mu mirima. Ariko, mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa nyaryo, ububasha bw'inzego z'ibanze ntibwagabanijwe
Kuri ubu, intara zitandukanye zifite uburyo butatu butandukanye bwo gukusanya umusoro ku butaka: hashingiwe ku ngingo z'ibanze z'ibirundo, igicucu cy'urusobe rw'ibirundo, n'ubuso bwose bw'aho hantu. Ikiguzi cy'umusoro ku butaka kiratandukanye cyane muri ubu buryo butatu. “Mu buso bw'ibanze bw'ibirundo, ubuso buteganyijwe bw'urusobe rw'ibirundo n'ubuso bw'aho hantu, hari isano ya 1:10:50,” nk'uko byatangajwe n'umuntu ukorera mu nganda.
Umushoramari umwe mu Ntara ya Henan yabwiye Photovoltaic ko umushinga watangiye gukoreshwa mu 2018 wagenwe kugira ubuso bwa metero kare zigera ku 100.000 hashingiwe ku buso bw'igicucu cy'ibice hamwe n'utundi duce, hamwe n'amafaranga y'umusoro angana na 430.000 yuan. Ariko, mu 2023, inzego z'imisoro zasabye ko ubuso bwose bwishyurwa, hamwe n'ubuso bw'umusoro bwa metero kare miliyoni 1.738, bigatuma habaho umusoro urenga miliyoni 10 yuan.
Hakwiye gushimangirwa ko, hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi n'amakuru rusange, uturere tumwe na tumwe mu ntara nyinshi zirimo Qinghai, Xinjiang, Hubei, Inner Mongolie, Yunnan, Shandong, Henan na Ningxia twatangiye gusoresha ubutaka ku mishinga ya photovoltaic. Igipimo cy'ibanze cyo gukusanya gishingiye ku gace k'ikigereranyo cy'amashanyarazi, mu gihe mu ntara zimwe na zimwe, gishingiye ku gace kose k'ubutaka bwa photovoltaic. Hari uturere turi mu mimerere yo gushishikarizwa kwishyura imisoro kandi tugifite umwanya wo kuganira, mu gihe mu tundi turere, imisoro yamaze kwishyurwa.
Muri urwo rwego, abashoramari barasaba kandi inzego z'ibanze gusuzuma byimazeyo uburyo bwo guhindura imikorere y'inganda mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo gutanga inyandiko No 136, guhagarika gukusanya imisoro ibiri ku butaka bukoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa gusobanura neza amahame agenga gukusanya vuba bishoboka, no gutanga umwanya uhagije wo kubara, kugira ngo abashoramari bakomeze kugira icyizere gihagije cy'ishoramari.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Nyakanga-2025