Ibipimo by'ingenzi byatanzwe mu Incamake y'Igenamigambi ry'imyaka itanu rya 14, harimo ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora ingufu n'igipimo cy'ingufu zitari iza kera, byitezwe ko bizagerwaho nk'uko biteganyijwe. Umutekano w'ingufu z'abaturage barenga miliyari 1.4 uzagerwaho neza. Iterambere ry'Ubushinwa rigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije n'iry'ingufu nke ryakuruye ibitekerezo ku isi, kandi igihugu cyabaye ingenzi mu mpinduka ku rwego rw'isi mu bijyanye n'ingufu. Mu bikurikira, ndagaragaza intambwe n'ibyagezweho mu bice bine by'ingenzi.
Ubwa mbere, igihe cya gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya 14 kigaragaza imyaka itanu irangwa n’ingufu nyinshi no kongera imbaraga. Mu myaka ine ya mbere y’uyu mugambi, ukwiyongera kw’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu Bushinwa kwageze ku nshuro 1.5 y’igihe cyose cya gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya 13. Biteganijwe ko ikoreshwa rishya ry’amashanyarazi mu myaka itanu rizarenga ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi buri mwaka. Twihutishije iyubakwa ry’uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukora ingufu, gutanga, kubika no gukwirakwiza ingufu kugira ngo duhuze neza ibyifuzo by’ingufu bikomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2024, ingufu z’igihugu zarenze kilowati-saa tiriyari 10, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro wose ku isi. Umusaruro w’ingufu wose wanganaga na toni miliyari 5 z’amakara asanzwe, ahwanye na kimwe cya gatanu cy’umusaruro wose ku isi, bitanga ingufu zihamye kandi zihagije. Mu myaka itanu ishize, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ryarushijeho kunozwa. Umuyoboro w’ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu ku rwego rw’igihugu, uhereye iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba, mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo, no mu mahanga, warushijeho kunozwa cyane. Ibi byahinduye neza inyungu z’umutungo mu turere two hagati n’iburengerazuba mu iterambere kandi bitanga ishingiro rikomeye ry’ingufu ku ntara zikomeye z’ubukungu kugira ngo ziyobore mu iterambere. Mu karere k'iburasirazuba, 40% by'ingufu zikoreshwa bituruka ku miyoboro ikomeye yo kohereza ingufu nka "Ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi riva mu Burengerazuba rijya mu Burasirazuba," "Umuyoboro wa Gazi uva mu Burengerazuba ujya mu Burasirazuba," na "Ihererekanya ry'Amakara riva mu Majyaruguru rijya mu Majyepfo." Twongereye imbaraga mu gutanga amashanyarazi, peteroli na gaze mu mibereho y'abaturage, dushyira imbere gukemura ibibazo no kongera ubushobozi bwo kubona ingufu mu ngo. Mu gihe cya gahunda y'imyaka itanu ya 14, Ubushinwa bwubatse umuyoboro munini ku isi wo kongerera ingufu imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, aho buri modoka eshanu zikoresha amashanyarazi, bikanoza cyane uburyo abaturage bahura n'ibiza bikomeye, tugarura ingufu ku muvuduko wihuse ushoboka kandi turengera ingufu z'ingenzi ku mibereho y'abaturage.
Icya kabiri, igihe cya gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya 14 ni cyo gihe cyihuse cyane cyo guhindura ibidukikije n’ingufu nke zikomoka kuri karuboni. Ubushinwa bwashyizeho sisitemu nini kandi yihuta cyane ku isi y’ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera. Igipimo cy’ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera mu bushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi cyariyongereye kuva kuri 40% kigera kuri 60%. Ubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho buri mwaka bw’ingufu z’umuyaga na photovoltaic bwarenze intambwe za kilowati miliyoni 100, miliyoni 200, na miliyoni 300, bugera ku ntambwe ikomeye mu iterambere. Umuvuduko n’ubukana bw’iri terambere ntibirigeze bibaho. Ikoreshwa ry’ingufu riri kugenda rihinduka rigana ku masoko y’ibidukikije. Mu ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi yose, kilowati imwe muri buri masaha atatu iva mu ngufu zikomoka ku bidukikije. Mu gihugu hose, igipimo cy’ingufu zitari iza kera mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zose cyitezweho kwiyongeraho 1% buri mwaka, kirenze 20% by’intego byari byitezwe mu gihe cya gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya 14. Hagati aho, umugabane w’amakara uteganijwe kugabanukaho 1% buri mwaka. Iyi nzira ebyiri yo kongera ingufu zisukuye no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amakara byazamuye cyane iterambere ry’ubukungu. Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa by’umuyaga n’ingufu zikomoka kuri amashanyarazi byoherezwa mu mahanga n’Ubushinwa byagabanyije imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya toni miliyari 4.1 ku isi, bitanga umusanzu ukomeye mu ihindagurika ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi.
Icya gatatu, igihe cya 14 cya Gahunda y'imyaka itanu kirimo gutera imbere cyane mu bumenyi bw'ingufu n'ikoranabuhanga. Ubushinwa buyoboye ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'ingufu n'ibikoresho. Igihugu gifite arenga 40% by'ipatanti z'ingufu nshya ku isi. Ingufu zo guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwa turbine y'umuyaga mu mazi byagiye bishyiraho amateka ku isi kenshi. Mu myaka mike ishize, urwego rw'ububiko bushya bw'ingufu rwazamutse rugera ku isonga ku isi. Imishinga nka Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya Baihetan Hydropower Station, inganda z'ingufu za kirimbuzi zakozwe ku giti cya gatatu "Hualong One", n'icyuma gikonjesha gaze cyo mu gisekuru cya kane cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyararangiye kandi gitangira gukoreshwa. Mu bushakashatsi bwa peteroli na gaze, hakozwe ibikorwa bishya mu bujyakuzimu burenga metero 10.000 munsi y'ubutaka no mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja biri mu bujyakuzimu bwa metero 1.000 munsi y'inyanja. Ibi "bikoresho by'ingenzi by'igihugu" bigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga bw'Ubushinwa. Uburyo bushya bw'ubucuruzi n'imiterere bishya birimo gutera imbere. Iterambere rya microgrids zigezweho n'inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryihuse. Igerageza rinini ry'imikoreshereze y'ikoranabuhanga hagati y'ibinyabiziga n'urukuta rurimo kwihuta. Inganda z'ingufu zigenda zihuzwa n'inzego nko mu nganda no mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Inzego zirimo kuzamuka n'inzira z'iterambere zikomeje kuzamuka, zikaba isoko y'ingenzi y'umusaruro mushya.
Icya kane, igihe cya gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya 14 kirangwa no gukomeza gushimangira ivugurura ry’ingufu no gukomeza gushimangira iterambere. Uburyo bw’inzego na gahunda za politiki byavuguruwe vuba. Kubaka isoko ry’igihugu ry’amashanyarazi ryihutishijwe cyane. Ingufu zikoresha amakara n’amasoko mashya y’ingufu byinjiye ku isoko byuzuye, aho abakoresha inganda n’ubucuruzi bose bitabiriye. Umuyoboro w’igihugu wa peteroli na gaze washyizweho ku ikubitiro. Itegeko ry’ingufu ryatangajwe kandi rishyirwa mu bikorwa, rirushaho kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura no gucunga inganda. Ingufu z’isoko zirimo kwihutisha ishyirwa ahagaragara ryaryo. Umubare w’ibigo by’ubucuruzi byanditswe ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi wageze ku bihumbi 970,000, inshuro eshanu ugereranyije n’umwaka wa 2020. Ingamba icumi zo guteza imbere iterambere ry’ibigo by’ingufu byigenga zashyizweho. Ibyinshi mu bigo bikora ibikoresho bya photovoltaic na hejuru ya 60% by’ibigo bikora turbine z’umuyaga ni iby’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Mu mishinga imwe n’imwe y’ingufu za kirimbuzi, ibigo byigenga bifite imigabane igera kuri 20%. Biragaragara ko ibigo byigenga byabaye imbaraga zikomeye mu guteza imbere impinduka n’ivugurura ry’inganda z’ingufu.
Kuva gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya 14 yatangira, mu gihe hari impinduka zikomeye kandi zigenda zihinduka mu bijyanye n’ingufu mu gihugu no mu mahanga, Ubushinwa bwakomeje kurinda umutekano w’ingufu kandi bushyiraho inzira y’Ubushinwa iganisha ku iterambere ry’ingufu rihambaye, bitanga icyitegererezo cy’agaciro mu mpinduka ku rwego rw’ingufu ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2025