Ku ya 20 Nzeri, “Dialogue” ya CCTV Finance yatambukije ikiganiro gifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Ejo hazaza h’amashanyarazi”. Abashyitsi nka Qian Zhimin, umwe mu bagize Komite Ihoraho ya Komite y’Igihugu y’Inama Ngishwanama ku bya Politiki y’Abaturage b’Abashinwa akaba n’umuyobozi wungirije wa Komite Ishinzwe Abaturage, Umutungo n’Ibidukikije, Zhu Gongshan, Perezida wa GCL Group, na Zhang Chuanwei, Perezida wa Mingyang Smart Energy, bitabiriye iki kiganiro.
Ikiganiro cyibanze ahanini ku hazaza h'ingufu, ahazaza h'amashanyarazi, n'intambwe zikurikiraho cyangwa isano ry'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ingufu nshya.
Qian Zhimin yavuze ko uko urwego rw'ingufu z'Ubushinwa ruhagaze ubu: Fata urugero rw'ibihe bisanzwe byo mu kwezi kwa Kamena na Nyakanga. Amakara agize hafi 60% by'ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu, ingufu z'umuyaga n'izuba 16%, ingufu z'amazi 17%, n'ingufu za kirimbuzi zigera kuri 5%. Ariko, mu by'ukuri, ubushobozi bw'ingufu z'umuyaga n'izuba bumaze kurenga ubw'ingufu z'ubushyuhe. Ariko urwego rw'ingufu umuyaga n'izuba bishobora guhura narwo, ku ruhande rumwe, rushingiye ku kirere, naho ku rundi ruhande, bitewe n'imiterere yarwo idahoraho, amasaha aboneka ni make. Kubwibyo, muri ibi bihe bishya, kwemeza ko umuriro w'amashanyarazi ushobora no kuzana imbogamizi nshya.
Zhu Gongshan, umuyobozi wa GCL Group, yizera ati: “Umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ntushobora kugenwa hashingiwe ku bushobozi bwose bwashyizweho. Ingufu z’umuyaga n’izuba nta mupaka, ariko ni isoko y’ingufu z’inyongera kandi nta gushidikanya ko zizaba isoko y’ingufu nyamukuru mu gihe kizaza. Ariko, ni ngombwa gushyiraho icyitegererezo kinini cy’ikoranabuhanga kandi cy’ubwenge, kubaka sisitemu nshya y’ingufu, no guhuza uburyo bwo kubika no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw’isoko.”
Zhang Chuanwei, perezida wa Mingyang Smart Energy, yagize ati: “Ntidushobora kubona ingufu z’umuyaga n’izuba nk’ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi mu ntera ndende cyangwa ingufu nini. Ireme ryazo riri mu kugera ku musaruro no gukoreshwa mu buryo burambye, kandi inyungu n’agaciro byazo mu bukungu byose birahari.” Icya kabiri, bishobora gukemura iterambere ryita ku bidukikije ry’inganda nshya. Sisitemu nshya y’inganda n’uburyo bushya bwo gutanga ingufu, nk’ingufu za mudasobwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga no kuvugurura ubuhinzi n’icyaro, bizashingira ahanini ku mashanyarazi akoresha ibidukikije mu gihe kizaza.
Ni ibihe bibazo by’ingufu z’ibanze mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe?
Qian Zhimin, umwe mu bagize Komite Ihoraho ya Komite y'Igihugu y'Inama Ngishwanama ku bya Politiki y'Abaturage b'Ubushinwa akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa Komite Ishinzwe Abaturage, Umutungo n'Ibidukikije, yatanze urugero rw'uko inganda z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zihagaze muri iki gihe: Fata urugero rw'ibihe bisanzwe byo mu gihe cya Kamena na Nyakanga. Amakara agizwe na 60% by'ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ingufu z'umuyaga n'izuba 16%, ingufu z'amazi 17%, n'ingufu za kirimbuzi zigera kuri 5%. Ariko, mu by'ukuri, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi y'umuyaga n'izuba bumaze kurenga ubw'ingufu z'ubushyuhe. Ariko urwego rw'ingufu umuyaga n'izuba bishobora guhura narwo, ku ruhande rumwe, rushingiye ku kirere, naho ku rundi ruhande, bitewe n'imiterere yarwo idahoraho, amasaha aboneka ni make. Muri icyo gihe, Qian Zhimin yanagaragaje ko abaturage bihanganira ibura ry'amashanyarazi muri iki gihe riri hasi ugereranyije na mbere. Niba umuriro ubuze mu gihe cy'igice cy'isaha cyangwa isaha ubu, abaturage basanzwe cyangwa inganda iyo ari yo yose ntibashobora kubyihanganira. Kubwibyo, muri ibi bihe bishya, bishobora no kuzana imbogamizi nshya ku mutekano w'amashanyarazi.
Zhu Gongshan, umuyobozi wa GCL Group, yagize ati: “Umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ntushobora kumenyekana hashingiwe ku bushobozi bwose bwashyizweho. Ingufu z’umuyaga n’izuba nta mupaka, ariko ni isoko y’ingufu z’inyongera kandi nta gushidikanya ko zizaba isoko y’ingufu nyamukuru mu gihe kizaza. Ariko, ni ngombwa gushyiraho icyitegererezo kinini cy’ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge, kubaka sisitemu nshya y’ingufu, no guhuza uburyo bwo kubika no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw’isoko.”
Zhang Chuanwei, perezida wa Mingyang Smart Energy, yagize ati: “Ntidushobora kubona ingufu z’umuyaga nk’ingufu zikoreshwa mu ntera ndende gusa cyangwa ingufu nini. Ireme ryazo riri mu kugera ku musaruro no kuzikoresha mu buryo burambye, kandi inyungu n’agaciro byazo mu bukungu byose birahari.” Icya kabiri, bishobora gukemura iterambere rirambye ry’inganda nshya. Sisitemu nshya y’inganda n’uburyo bushya bwo gutanga ingufu, nk’ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga no kuvugurura ubuhinzi n’icyaro, bizashingira ahanini ku mashanyarazi akoresha ibidukikije mu gihe kizaza.
Ni ibihe bishya biri kugaragara mu ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi muri iki gihe?
Cheng Lu, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Xinao Digital Energy Technology, yagize ati: “Muri iki gihe, igipimo cy’amashanyarazi mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu byuma bikoresha ingufu kirimo kwiyongera cyane. Mu bihe byashize, ibikoresho byo mu rugo byari byiganjemo televiziyo na firigo, ariko ubu hari imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi, imashini zisukura ibyuma n’ibikoresho bigezweho.” Mu Bushinwa, igipimo cy’amashanyarazi mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu byuma bikoresha ingufu ubu cyarenze 30%, kandi byitezwe ko kizarenga 60% mu 2050, kikongera kwikuba kabiri. Ibi bizazana impinduka zikomeye cyane mu miterere y’ingufu.
Cao Kaihu, umuyobozi wa Nengjian Energy Research Institute, yagize ati: “Mu 2030, umubare w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyacu ushobora kugera kuri miliyoni 150. Uyu mubare usobanura iki?” Mu buryo bw’imitekerereze, umutwaro ntarengwa wazo ushobora kugera kuri kilowati miliyari 2.5. Ibi bingana n’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi yose mu muryango wose. Niba inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zirimo akajagari, politiki ntizigenzurwe, kandi udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ntitwihute bihagije, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwose bw’amashanyarazi.”
Tang Renhu, perezida wa Zhongchuang Carbon Investment, yagize ati: “Kuri ubu, icyifuzo cy’amashanyarazi mu bigo by’ikoranabuhanga bya AI kirimo kwiyongera. Mu 2024, kizakoresha amasaha agera kuri miliyari 200 z’amashanyarazi, kandi mu 2035, kizakenera amasaha agera kuri tiriyari 1.2 z’amashanyarazi buri mwaka.” Ni gute icyifuzo kizanwa n’ubu bwoko bw’umutwaro cyagerwaho? Rero, muri iki cyiciro, guhuza isoko n’isabwa biri guhura n’icyiciro gishya. Birashoboka ko politiki zisanzwe, uburyo busanzwe, n’amarangamutima asanzwe bitashobora gukemura ikibazo. Bizagomba kwishingikiriza ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bizaza. Uburyo bwo kugera ku guhuza neza bishobora kuba ikibazo uruhande rw’ikoreshwa n’urundi ruhande rw’itangwa ry’amashanyarazi rugomba guhora ruhura mu gihe kizaza.
Qian Zhimin, umwe mu bagize Komite Ihoraho ya Komite y'Igihugu y'Inama Ngishwanama ku bya Politiki y'Abaturage b'Ubushinwa akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa Komite y'Abaturage, Umutungo n'Ibidukikije, na we yongeyeho ati: Nubwo ubuhanga bwa AI buri kwiyongera ndetse n'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, hari ikintu kimwe kigomba gushyirwa mu busabe bw'amashanyarazi, ni ubusabe bw'amashanyarazi ahumanya ikirere. Ibikoresho twohereza mu Burayi bizatangira gusoreshwa imisoro ya karuboni mu ntangiriro za 2026. Mu by'ukuri, hari kandi ubusabe bw'amashanyarazi ahumanya ikirere. Iki kandi ni ikibazo gikomeye ubu gihanganye n'inganda zikora ingufu n'amashanyarazi.
Ni gute koko kugaragara kw'inganda zitanga amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa interineti bizahindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi mu gihe kizaza?
Zhu Gongshan, umuyobozi wa GCL Group, yavuze muri iyi gahunda ati: “Niba inganda z’amashanyarazi zikoreshwa kuri interineti zishyirwa ahagaragara koko, ubushobozi bwose bw’amashanyarazi akoreshwa kuri interineti bushobora kugabanukaho 10% kugeza kuri 15%. Mu by’ukuri, muri iki gihe, umubare munini w’amashanyarazi ntabwo urimo kugira uruhare rufatika, kandi inyinshi mu zishyirwamo ni iz’igihe kinini kandi zikoreshwa cyane.” Hamwe n’uko haje inganda z’amashanyarazi zikoreshwa kuri interineti, inyinshi mu zigezweho zishobora gukemurwa binyuze mu nganda z’amashanyarazi zikoreshwa kuri interineti.
Zhang Chuanwei, perezida wa Mingyang Smart Energy, yagize ati: Mu myaka icumi ishize, nari mfite inzozi ko gukoresha amashanyarazi bitazaba ubuntu gusa ahubwo ko bizaba n'ingurane. Nyuma yo kumenya uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rukoresha ikoranabuhanga, imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu rugo nayo yarahindutse. Ushobora guhuza imiterere yawe bwite y'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi. Imodoka yawe ikoresha amashanyarazi, sisitemu nto yo kubika ingufu mu rugo, na sisitemu y'izuba yo hejuru byose bishobora kubaka imitungo yawe y'amashanyarazi. Binyuze mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, hari kandi agaciro k'umutungo wa karuboni. Birashoboka ko utarishyuye na gato amashanyarazi mu mwaka wose ariko ukibonera inyungu y'umutungo ingufu zagombaga kuba zifite. Ibi byamaze kugerwaho uyu munsi.
Qian Zhimin, umwe mu bagize Komite Ihoraho ya Komite y'Igihugu y'Inama Ngishwanama ku bya Politiki y'Abaturage b'Ubushinwa akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa Komite Ishinzwe Abaturage, Umutungo n'Ibidukikije, yongeyeho ati: Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uriho ubu uragoye kuwugenzura no kuwugenzura bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'amasoko mashya y'ingufu. Ariko, niba hari inganda nyinshi z'amashanyarazi ziboneka aho ngaho, amashanyarazi ashobora kugenzurwa n'izi nganda z'amashanyarazi ziboneka aho ngaho. Mu masaha y'akazi kenshi cyangwa iyo hari ibura ry'amashanyarazi, inganda z'amashanyarazi ziboneka aho ngaho zishobora gufasha kugabanya umutwaro. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ikiguzi cy'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura bukorwa n'inganda z'amashanyarazi ziboneka aho ngaho Ni kimwe cya cumi cy'ikiguzi cyo gukemura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura bw'inganda z'amashanyarazi ziboneka aho ngaho, kandi ni ingirakamaro cyane kuri buri wese. Ni ingirakamaro ku mutekano w'inganda z'amashanyarazi no ku mutekano w'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'abakoresha.
Cao Kaihu, umuyobozi wa Nengjian Energy Research Institute, yagize ati: “Ikintu kigaragara cyane ku nganda zikoresha ingufu zisanzwe ni uko zikoresha umutungo usanzwe ukoreshwa mu buryo bwose bw’amashanyarazi. Ntizisaba kubaka bundi bushya cyangwa ngo zongere ishoramari rinini ry’umutungo utimukanwa.” Uruganda nyarwo rukoresha ingufu zisanzwe ni inzira yo kwegeranya umutungo utandukanye mu muryango binyuze kuri porogaramu.
Cheng Lu, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Xinao Shuneng Technology, yongeyeho ati: “Ingufu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ntabwo zigaragara kandi ntizigaragara, nyamara koko zirahari.” Hepfo hari interineti y’ibintu ihuza buri rugo, buri nyubako, buri modoka na buri ruganda. Hagati hari ubwonko bw’ubuhanga bwo gufata ibyemezo bwa AI buteranya kuva hasi kugera hejuru kandi bukagira uruhare mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo gucuruza, gusubiza no kugenzura amashanyarazi. Icya gatatu, bugomba kugera ku gice cy’amashanyarazi kandi bugashobora guhindurwa, kugenzurwa, kugaragara no gupimwa.
Ese ejo hazaza h'amashanyarazi hazaba hameze gute?
Qian Zhimin, umwe mu bagize Komite Ihoraho ya Komite y'Igihugu y'Inama Ngishwanama ku bya Politiki y'Abaturage b'Abashinwa akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa Komite y'Abaturage, Umutungo n'Ibidukikije, yagize ati: “Nizera ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe kizaza buzagerwaho binyuze mu ngufu, kandi ingufu mu gihe kizaza zizagerwaho binyuze mu guteza imbere ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bwa “AI”. Kubwibyo, ndavuga ko iherezo rya “AI” ari ingufu, naho iherezo ry'ingufu ni “AI”.
Zhu Gongshan, umuyobozi wa GCL Group, yagize ati: “Amashanyarazi hamwe n’ingufu za mudasobwa bingana n’umusaruro w’ejo hazaza. Ejo hazaza hari mu kubaka ubwoko bushya bw’ingufu.”
Zhang Chuanwei, umuyobozi wa Mingyang Smart Energy, yagize ati: “Mu gihe kizaza, ingufu ntizizongera kuba agaciro ubwazo, ahubwo zizaba zirimo kwiha agaciro binyuze mu ngufu ubwazo.”
Cheng Lu, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Xinaoshu Energy Technology: “Amashanyarazi azaba ameze ate mu gihe kizaza?” Amashanyarazi n'ingufu za mudasobwa biri hafi kugerwaho. Mu gihe kizaza, dushobora kuba mu isi y’ubumenyi bw’isi aho ingufu zisa n’izidashira, ziyobowe n’ubwonko bwacu bwa AI. Mu gihe kizaza, sisitemu y’ingufu ishobora kudasaba imbaraga z’abantu; ubwonko bwa AI bwaba ari bwo bukoresha imikorere myiza cyane, umutekano mwiza, n’igiciro gito cyane cya sisitemu yose y’imikorere.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Nzeri 2025